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10. Open Energy Glossary

10.1. Commercial

Heat as a service

A business model providing heat and cooling services based on units or measurements of ‘comfort’ or ‘warm/cold hours’ rather than traditional measures of energy supply.

Infrastructure as a service

An ICT infrastructure development, licensing and delivery model than is often subscription-based. Increasingly used by organisations needing to increase technological capacity, but who do not have the skills/resources to develop bespoke products internally.

Mobility as a service

A business model providing mobility services based on vehicle access rather than traditional models of vehicle ownership.

Platform as a service

A platform development, licensing and delivery model than is often subscription-based. Increasingly used by organisations needing to increase technological capacity, but who do not have the skills/resources to develop bespoke products internally.

Software as a service

A software development, licensing and delivery model than is often subscription-based. Increasingly used by organisations needing to increase technological capacity, but who do not have the skills/resources to develop bespoke products internally.

Industrial and commercial

I&C - Accronym commonly used in the energy sector to refer to non-domestic actors - particularly heavy industry and other high-consumption actors.

Know Your Customer

KYC - Borrowed from banking/fraud - common among businesses to describe all aspects of licensing / permissions management for data consumers. (Definition provided by AG member)

Pay As You Go

PAYG - Payment as a resource is used, rather than up-front

Purchase Power Agreement

PPA - An electricity supply agreement between two parties - e.g. generator and trader.

Time of use

TOU - Energy supply tariff offering variable pricing depending on the time of day energy is used and the demand on the grid at that point in time.

10.2. Data

Processes for ensuring that appropriate permissions are given for certain actions to occur (e.g. certain uses of data). Consent to access personal data has a specific meaning under the UK Data Protection Act. However, this is not the only type of consent to share data.

Controller

Data controller (DPA 2018): ‘means a person who (either alone or jointly or in common with other persons) determines the purposes for which and the manner in which any personal data are, or are to be processed’ ico.org.uk: data-controllers-and-data-processors-dp-guidance.pdf

10.4. Open Energy ecosystem

Data sensitivity class

OE members can self-allocate dataset into ‘classes’ depending on its sensitivity profile. Access and security requirements differ across classes. Consultation on data classes is currently open until 30 April 2021: docs.google.com: edit

Preemptive licence

A pre-determined set of rules governing data sharing and use.

Rule

An articulation of a dataset’s sensitivity class, access conditions, and license that is publishing in the metadata file. A dataset may either have a single, or multiple, rules.

Trust framework

A set of governance measures ensuring that data is shared in a trustworthy manner (e.g. participant authorisation, access, data tiers etc.)

Advisory Group

AG - Open Energy has two advisory groups that support consultation and guidance of activities during phase 3 of the project. The groups cover membership and delivery.

Data Consumer

DC - A consumer of data operating as a member within the OE ecosystem. Data Consumers serve needs that are internal to their own organisation.

Data Provider

DP - Organisation providing data into the OE ecosystem

Minimum Viable Product

MVP - An early version of a product for initial release, potentially with limited features or space for future development.

Open Energy

OE - Open Energy is a non-profit initiative developed by Icebreaker One to deliver part of our national data infrastructure and accelerate delivery of our Net Zero targets.

Data sensitivity class - closed

OE-C - Closed data - datasets which must not be shared within Open Energy

Data sensitivity class - open

OE-O - Open Data - full open access, under an open data licence. Free to use, by anyone, for any purpose.

Data sensitivity class - shared (A)

OE-SA - Shared data - datasets which can/could be shared, but which require the user to agree to standard T&Cs to access. May include some openly licensed materials (e.g. CC BY-SA or GNU AGPLv3).

Data sensitivity class - shared (B)

OE-SB - Shared data - datasets which can/could be shared, but currently require some bilateral contract negotiation. May include data currently shared on the basis of group-based access. May include aggregated, anonymised or pseudonymised data about individuals.

Data sensitivity class - personal

OE-SP - Datasets which include personal data, requiring appropriate consent to share, or other legal bases to data processing, as defined by the UK DPA 2018.

Open Energy Phase 3

OE3 - The current phase of Open Energy’s development running from February - July 2021.

Open Energy Governance Service

OEGS - The technical and governance architecture backing OE’s trust framework in which data is shared.

Steering Group

SG - Open Energy has a high-level steering group that supports consultation and guidance of activities during phase 3 of the project.

Service Provider

SP - A Service Provider is a type of Data Consumer and third party provider of data services operating as a member within the OE ecosystem. Service Providers operate within a competitive market and serve customers that are external to their own organisation.

10.5. Operational

Business case

The commercial justification for a particular product or service.

Case study

An empirical description of a particular situation in which a product, service, technology, method (etc.) has been used, and the results of its use.

Use-case

An outline of a specific situation in which a product or service could be used (can be theoretical or empirical) Main use-case for OE3: local authority retrofit

User story/journey

A user story is an informal, general explanation of a software feature written from the perspective of the end user. Its purpose is to articulate how a software feature will provide value to the customer.’ User journey for OE3: Leah. Source for definition: www.atlassian.com: user-stories

10.6. Other

Intermittency

Variability of renewable energy generation in line with weather conditions.

Prosumer

An entity (e.g. household) that both produces and consumes electricity. Prosumption may also be combined with flexibility technology (e.g. home battery) to maximise the amount of self-generated electricity that can be consumed by the entity. Prosumption behaviour is currently often associated with atypically active behaviour of households in the energy system, however this may change as distributed energy resources proliferate.

Third Party Intermediary

TPI - A defined form of TPP recognised and operating in the energy sector. www.ofgem.gov.uk: third-party-intermediaries-tpi-programme

Third party provider

TPP - A third party providing services - generic term used across sectors.

10.7. Policy and governance

Closed data

Data that either cannot be shared or requires a per-use, custom licence negotiated on a case-by-case basis. IB1 definition - icebreakerone.org: understanding-data-sharing/

Codes

A form of industry self-governance that establishes the terms under which industry participants can access the electricity and gas networks, and related assets or infrastructure. There are 11 main electricity codes and 5 gas codes. Each is managed by a ‘code administrator’ (e.g. Elexon, Gemserv, DCode etc.)

Data Custodian

MED Data Best Practice definition: An organisation or individual that holds data which it has a legal right to process and publish. Industry feedback has suggested that the following element should be added to the definition: In some cases, a Data Custodian may also refer to an organisation or individual that holds data which it has a legal right to process (ie use) but not to publish. For example, suppliers or networks may hold customer smart meter data which they are not permitted to publish without prior consent.

Horizontal integration

When a company operates across different energy vectors (e.g. supplier electricity and gas)

Licence

A set of requirements which companies must comply with in order to perform certain ‘licensable activities’ in the energy sector. 5 standard licenses: generation, transmission, interconnection, distribution, supply. Non-standard licesnes are also issued for a small range of bodies with specific duties - e.g. smart metering infrastructure (Smart DCC).

Open data

Data that anyone can use, for any purpose, for free and is available under an Open data licence. IB1 definition - icebreakerone.org: understanding-data-sharing/

Presumed Open

A principle developed by the EDTF (2019). Presumed open applies to data relating to common assets, stating that this should be open unless there are legitimate issues which would prevent this. Legitimate issues include Privacy, Security, Negative Consumer Impact, Commercial and Legislation and Regulation. Presumed Open data should go through a robust Open Data Triage process, conducted by the data custodian.

Shared data

Data that is neither open nor closed, but can be shared under specific terms and conditions.

Vertical integration

When a company operates across several different parts of the energy supply chain (e.g. generation, distribution and supply)

Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy

BEIS - Government department, also responsible for the Smart Data programme of work. OE3 co-funder.

Committee on Climate Change

CCC - The Committee on Climate Change (CCC) advises the government on emissions targets and reports to Parliament on progress made in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. www.gov.uk: committee-on-climate-change

Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation

CDEI - We’re tasked by the Government to connect policymakers, industry, civil society, and the public to develop the right governance regime for data-driven technologies. www.gov.uk: centre-for-data-ethics-and-innovation

Distribution Future Energy Scenarios

DFES - Planning tools used by DNOs and GDNs, containing a range of possible views of the future. Also an ODI Leeds project: odileeds.org: dfes/

Energy Data Best Practice

EDBP - Guidance laid out by the Modernising Energy Data consortium. modernisingenergydata.atlassian.net: Data+Best+Practice+latest+release+v0.21

Energy Data Taskforce

EDTF - Comissioned by the ESC and chaired by Laura Sandys. Reported in 2019 - source of Presumed Open and data triage. The report’s 5 recommendations provided a significant steer to sector data policy.

Future Energy Scenarios

FES - Planning tools used by National Grid ESO, containing a range of future scenarios. www.nationalgrideso.com: future-energy-scenarios

Feed-in tariff

FIT - Tariff previously offered to small-scale and microgeneration for export of electricity to the grid. No longer taking new customers in the UK (new microgeneration is now offered an export tariff through the building’s electricity supplier)

Lower Layer Super Output Areas

LSOA - A geographic hierarchy designed to improve the reporting of small area statistics in England and Wales

Modernising Energy Data

MED - Consists of Ofgem, BEIS and Innovate UK. OE3 funders.

National Cyber Security Centre

NCSC - “The National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) provides cyber security guidance and support helping to make the UK the safest place to live and work online.” www.ncsc.gov.uk:/

National Infrastructure Commission

NIC - The Commission carries out in-depth studies into the UK’s major infrastructure needs and makes recommendations to the government. Our work covers all sectors of economic infrastructure. nic.org.uk:/

Open Data Institute

ODI - Non-profit organisation aiming to build a trustworthy open data ecosystem theodi.org:/

Office for Zero Emissions Vehicles

OZEV - The Office for Zero Emission Vehicles (OZEV) is a team working across government to support the transition to zero emission vehicles (ZEVs). We are providing support for the take-up of plug in vehicles, as well as funding to support chargepoint infrastructure across the UK. This will contribute to economic growth and will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution on our roads. www.gov.uk: office-for-zero-emission-vehicles

Renewable Heat Incentive

RHI - Government-funded financial incentive to support uptake of renewable heat. www.ofgem.gov.uk: about-domestic-rhi

Smart Energy Code

SEC - “​​​The Smart Energy Code (SEC) is a multi-Party agreement which defines the rights and obligations of energy suppliers, network operators and other relevant parties involved in the end to end management of smart metering in Great Britain.” smartenergycodecompany.co.uk:/

10.8. Regulated monopoly

Data and Communications Company

DCC - The ‘central communications body appointed to manage communications and data transfer for smart metering. It is responsible for linking smart meters in homes and small businesses with the systems of energy suppliers, network operators and other companies.’ www.ofgem.gov.uk: 126045

Distribution Network Operator

DNO - Responsible for regional electricity distribution (lower voltage).

Distribution System Operator

DSO - In the UK, electricity DNOs are transitioning to become DSOs in response to electricity system changes (e.g. decentralisation, decarbonisation). The transition will change DNO responsibilities, broadening these from asset/network management. The term DSO is also commonly used outside of the UK.

Electricity System Operator

ESO - Responsible for system operation and balancing. National ‘control room’. Role carried out by National Grid ESO (a separate company within the National Grid Group - not connected to the electricity TSO).

Gas Distribution Network

GDN - Responsible for regional gas distribution (lower pressure).

Gas System Operator

GSO - Responsible for system operation and balancing. National ‘control room’. Role carried out by National Grid Gas Plc (a separate company within the National Grid Group who also own the gas transmission network).

Independent Distribution Network Operator

iDNO - IDNOs own and operate smaller networks located within the areas covered by the DNOs. IDNO networks are mainly extensions to the DNO networks serving new housing and commercial developments. www.ofgem.gov.uk: independent-distribution-network-operators

Independent System Operator

ISO - There is currently a proposal, backed by Ofgem, to convert the ESO to an ISO. The proposal advocates this change in order to meet new requirements of system operation oriented towards achieving Net Zero. The change would involve some change in the ESO’s structure, responsibilities and relationship to other bodies in the sector.

Transmission System Owner

TSO - Owner of the national electricity and gas transmission networks (higher voltage/pressure).

10.9. Regulatory

Regulated entity

An organisation or company subject to regulation by Ofgem (e.g. a licensed company) Not all organisations/companies operating in the energy sector are regulated. A significant proportion of data/digitally-focussed new entrants operate in an unregulated space vis a vis Ofgem (though they may interact with other regulators).

RIIO Framework

Ofgem’s framework for energy network regulation. Also called ‘price controls’. Negotiated on a 5 year planning and investment cycle. RIIO-T2 (all transmission) and RIIO-GD2 (gas distribution) period: 2021-2026. RIIO-ED2 (electricity distribution) period: 2023-2028.

Competition and Markets Authority

CMA - Competition policy and regulation, includes digital markets

Data Governance Act

DGA - European regulatory proposal. ‘The proposal is the first of a set of measures announced in the 2020 European strategy for data. The instrument aims to foster the availability of data for use by increasing trust in data intermediaries and by strengthening data-sharing mechanisms across the EU.’ ec.europa.eu: proposal-regulation-european-data-governance-data-governance-act

Energy Performance Certificate

EPC - An EPC includes the energy performance of a building and the reference values, as well as the recommendations for the cost-optimal or cost-effective improvements of the energy performance of a building or building unit ec.europa.eu: energy-performance-certificates_en

Information Commissioner’s Office

ICO - Data protection regulator

Office for Gas and Electricity Markets

Ofgem - Energy sector regulator. OE3 co-funder.

Office for National Statistics

ONS - The UK’s largest independent producer of official statistics and its recognised national statistical institute. www.ons.gov.uk:/

Revenues = Incentives + Innovation + Outputs

RIIO - Ofgem’s regulatory framework for network companies, negotiated every 5 years.

Smart Export Guarantee

SEG - “an obligation set by the government for licensed electricity suppliers to offer a tariff and make payment to small-scale low-carbon generators for electricity exported to the National Grid, providing certain criteria are met.” www.ofgem.gov.uk: about-smart-export-guarantee-seg

10.10. Research

Centre for Digital Built Britain

CDBB - The Centre for Digital Built Britain is a partnership between the Department of Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy and the University of Cambridge to understand how the construction and infrastructure sectors could use a digital approach to better design, build, operate, and integrate the built environment. www.cdbb.cam.ac.uk:/

Energy Systems Capatult

ESC - Energy Systems Catapult was set up to accelerate the transformation of the UK’s energy system and ensure UK businesses and consumers capture the opportunities of clean growth. The Catapult is an independent, not-for-profit centre of excellence that bridges the gap between industry, government, academia and research. We take a whole-systems view of the energy sector, helping us to identify and address innovation priorities and market barriers, in order to decarbonise the energy system at the lowest cost. es.catapult.org.uk:/

10.11. Security

Base framework

The framework defines many of the roles and responsibilities necessary to grant authorisation but it does not specify to any great extent either operationally or technically how those roles need to be performed. One component of the broader trust framework.

Credentials

Documentation of a particular player’s status, identity, authorisation levels etc.

Identity layer

Confirms who the participants are in the authorization chain, and the level of conidence in the claimed identities. See above

Security Profile

The technical specifics of how security features are organised and enacted within an ecosystem. See above

User management

The security process of managing users and their permissions on a platform.

Validation

Ongoing processes confirming that information is true.

Vector component values

Levels of vector components

Authentication

AuthN - The process of proving that somthing is real or true. assets.publishing.service.gov.uk: Dgen_and_BEIS_-_Smart_Data_-_Consent.pdf

Authorization

AuthZ - The act of giving someone permission to do something assets.publishing.service.gov.uk: Dgen_and_BEIS_-_Smart_Data_-_Consent.pdf

Identification

ID - Proof of who someone or something is assets.publishing.service.gov.uk: Raidiam_Authentication_Research_Response.pdf

Multi Factor Authorisation

MFA - Commonly used security feature - e.g. password and one-time passcode via text/email

Open Authorization 2

OAuth2 - Industry standard protocol for authorization assets.publishing.service.gov.uk: Dgen_and_BEIS_-_Smart_Data_-_Consent.pdf

One time passcode

OTP - A mechanism for customer login / part of two-step authorisation

Single sign-on

SSO - A mechanism allowing federated access and re-use of the same credentials to logon to different services/sites. assets.publishing.service.gov.uk: Dgen_and_BEIS_-_Smart_Data_-_Consent.pdf

10.12. Standard

Open ADR

Open Automated Demand-Side Response. A research and standards-development programme, led by organisations in North America, aiming to standardise automated signals for power-consuming devices to lower consumption or switch off completely during periods of high demand.

Open Charge Alliance

An international consortium of public and private electric vehicle infrastructure organisations that have come together to promote open standards through the adoption of the Open Charge Point Protocol and the Open Smart Charging Protocol. www.openchargealliance.org:/

Open Standard

Open standards give users permission to copy, distribute and use technology freely or at low cost.

Common Information Model

CIM - An open, standardised method of representing computing devices and energy network asset types, and the relationships between them. www.theade.co.uk: what-is-combined-heat-and-power

EEBUS

EEBUS - A standard-development project aiming to define a standardised language for the energy Internet of Things www.eebus.org: what-is-eebus/

European Union

EU - no definition

Frequently Asked Question

FAQ - A list of questions and answers relating to a particular subject, especially one giving basic information for users of a website.

International Standards Organisation standard regarding date time data

ISO 8601 - ISO 8601 Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange – Representation of dates and times is an international standard covering the exchange of date- and time-related data en.wikipedia.org: ISO_8601

Small / Medium Enterprise

SME - Small and medium-sized enterprises or small and medium-sized businesses are businesses whose personnel numbers fall below certain limits. The abbreviation “SME” is used by international organizations such as the World Bank, the European Union, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.

United Kingdom

UK - no definition

Universal Coordinated Time

UTC - 24 hour time standard at a high level of precision. www.timeanddate.com: aboututc.html

10.13. Technology

Asset register

Propsed by the EDTF. A list of physical energy assets (generation and storage), designed to improve the visibility of different assets on the network

Battery storage

Battery technology used in vehicles, buildings, or a grid-scale. Grid-scale batteries can also provide ancilliary services such as frequency response in addition to power dispatch.

Clip size

The size of generation or flexibility resource required to participate in certain markets - usually 1MW

Data ‘walled garden’

Data held by a proprietory organisation, often behind closed doors (e.g. without open metadata)

Data ecosystem

A data ecosystem consists of data infrastructure, and the people, communities and organisations that benefit from the value created by it.

Data institution

Data institutions are organisations that steward data on behalf of others, often towards public, educational or charitable aims. theodi.org: what-are-data-institutions-and-why-are-they-important/

Data lake

A significant quantity of unstructured data.

Data standard

A standardised agreement determining how data is categorised, described, and recorded (e.g. format, definitions, structure etc.)

Data triage

The process used by organisations to determine whether data can be made open, shared, or closed. Detailed guidance on triage is available in point 12 of the MED data best practice guidance here: modernisingenergydata.atlassian.net: Data+Best+Practice+v0.21

Data warehouse

A significant quantity of structured data.

Dataset

A collection of related sets of data (data elements) which can be treated as a single unit. This collection of data however will together provide a meaningful grouping as defined by a subject of interest. Definition submitted by SSE

Digital twin

A digital model of a ‘real world’ object or system.

Flexibility resouces

The assets, services and behaviours that can be used to shift energy demand in order to meet supply, where required.

Forecast model

Model on which forecasting is based. www.ibm.com: relational-databases

Heat pump

A device that can transfer heat from a source of thermal energy into a building. There are air-source, ground-source and water-source heat pumps.

Information management framework

Part of the National Digital Twin Programme

Metadata

Data that gives information about what is contained in the dataset. OE advocates that metadata should be open, except for extremely sensitive cases (e.g. matters of national security). Metadata is a contested term, with different organisations in the sector currently using different standards. Open Energy is designed to support a range of metadata formats - it is beyond the scope of the project to standardise metadata requirements in the sector.

Microgeneration

Forms of small-scale generation (e.g. solar PV) that can be installed on domestic properties or small organisations (e.g. community centre)

Multi-directional flow

The flow of electricity in multiple directions within a network, due to the increased adoption of flexibility technologies and distributed generation (leading to mixed consumption/export). Big contrast to traditional grid operation built around linear electricity flows.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) trading

Energy trading directly between users/consumers, removing the ‘middle man’. Not currently permitted in the UK due to regulatory arrangements regarding the ‘supplier hub model’ and single supplier.

Relational data model

A specific model for database management, used to construct relational databases.

Semantic data model

A high-level visual-conceptual tool used to define and describe data in the context of its relationships with other data.

Smart meter

A type of electricity and gas meter installed in domestic or SME properties that feeds information regarding energy consumption back to the consumer. Smart meters also track energy export to the grid.

Trasnport certificate

no definition

Application programming interface

API - A computing interface determining how different software intermediaries interact (e.g. how requests can be made, data formats etc.).

Combined Heat and Power

CHP - CHP generates electricity whilst also capturing usable heat that is produced in this process. As a result, CHP operates at much higher efficiency than traditional power generation methods.

Comma Separated Value

CSV - A comma-separated values (CSV) file is a delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values. en.wikipedia.org: Comma-separated_values

Data Catalogue Vocabulary

DCAT - DCAT is an RDF vocabulary designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the Web. www.w3.org: vocab-dcat-2/

Distributed energy resources

DER - A term used to describe a combination of distributed generation and flexibility resources in the electricity system (e.g. solar PV, EVs, biogas, heat pumpts, batteries).

Demand-side response

DSR - The act of shifting energy demand in order to relieve pressure on the grid, or consume excess power. e.g. industrial processes may be slowed down or turned off at times of peak demand to reduce grid constraints.

Enterprise Asset Management System

EASM - Technological system used to manage an entity’s assets (data, physical, human) and processes.

Amazon Elastic Cloud Compute

EC2 - A platform provided by Amazon used to deploy arbitrary server code into the cloud

Electric charging station

ECS - Charging station for electric vehicles

Electric vehicle

EV - Vehicle powered primarily or exclusively by electricity

Electric vehicle supply equipment

EVSE - Another term for electric vehicle charging stations and related equipment

Financial Grade API

FAPI - The Financial Grade API extends OIDC and OAuth2, adding extra mitigations against an assortment of potential attacks. openid.net: fapi/

Geographical Information System

GIS - Framework for capturing, recording and displaying spatial data.

Home Energy Management System

HEMS - A combination of sensors, metering, and data analytics designed to optimise energy usage within a building to maximise factors such as bills-reduction or comfort. Often used to optimise microgeneration, home battery, EV, domestic consumption and grid export.

Half hourly meter

HH - Consumer electricity meter capable of reporting usage at a 30 minute resolution

HypterText Transfer Protocol

HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML developer.mozilla.org: HTTP

Secure HTTP

HTTPS - Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It is used for secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on the Internet. en.wikipedia.org: HTTPS

Industrial Control System

ICS - Industrial control system (ICS) is a general term that encompasses several types of control systems and associated instrumentation used for industrial process control. en.wikipedia.org: Industrial_control_system

Internet of Things

IoT - A catch-all term used to refer to connected devices - e.g. fridges, washing machines, speakers etc.

Javascript Object Notation

JSON - JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of attribute–value pairs and arrays (or other serializable values)

JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data

JSON-LD - JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding linked data using JSON

JSON Web Token

JWT - A proposed Internet standard for creating data with optional signature and/or optional encryption whose payload holds JSON that asserts some number of claims en.wikipedia.org: JSON_Web_Token

Machine to machine

M2M - Machine to machine (M2M) is direct communication between devices using any communications channel, including wired and wireless

Mutual TLS authentication

MTLS - By default the TLS protocol only proves the identity of the server to the client using X.509 certificates, and the authentication of the client to the server is left to the application layer. TLS also offers client-to-server authentication using client-side X.509 authentication.[13] As it requires provisioning of the certificates to the clients and involves less user-friendly experience, it’s rarely used in end-user applications. en.wikipedia.org: Mutual_authentication

Open ID Connect

OIDC - An identity layer on top of OAuth2.0 protocol openid.net: connect/

Ordanance Survey

OS - Repository of geospatial data

Peer to peer

P2P - Communications and energy supply. A mechanism for organising trade/exchange of goods or services directly between peers, without an intermediary body. Can be, but is not always, supported by a technology platform.

Photovoltaic (cells/panels)

PV - Mechanism of generating renewable electricity - solar power.

Request for Comments

RFC - A Request for Comments (RFC) is a publication from the Internet Society (ISOC) and its associated bodies, most prominently the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the principal technical development and standards-setting bodies for the Internet en.wikipedia.org: Request_for_Comments

The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework

RFC6749 - The OAuth 2.0 authorization framework enables a third-party application to obtain limited access to an HTTP service, either on behalf of a resource owner by orchestrating an approval interaction between the resource owner and the HTTP service, or by allowing the third-party application to obtain access on its own behalf datatracker.ietf.org: rfc6749

The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: Bearer Token Usage

RFC6750 - Describes how to use bearer tokens in HTTP requests to access OAuth 2.0 protected resources datatracker.ietf.org: rfc6750

OAuth 2.0 Mutual-TLS Client Authentication and Certificate-Bound Access Tokens

RFC8705 - Describes OAuth client authentication and certificate-bound access and refresh tokens using mutual Transport Layer Security (TLS) authentication with X.509 certificates datatracker.ietf.org: rfc8705

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

SCADA - A software and hardware system enabling remote monitoring and control, usually of industrial-scale equipment

Secure Hash Algorithm (256 bit)

SHA256 - SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001 en.wikipedia.org: SHA-2

Smart Metering Equipment Technical Specifications

SMETS - SMETS describe the specifications of UK smart meters. Two generations of smart meters have been released to date - SMETS1 and SMETS2. www.ovoenergy.com: smets-1-and-2-new-smart-meter-generation.html

Transport Layer Security

TLS - A cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network en.wikipedia.org: Transport_Layer_Security

Uniform Resource Locator

URL - A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address,[1] is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it en.wikipedia.org: URL

Universally unique identififer v4

UUID4 - A version 4 UUID is randomly generated en.wikipedia.org: Universally_unique_identifier

Vehicle to grid

V2G - Bidirectional power flow between the grid and an EV battery. Enables EV owners to discharge power stored in batteries to the grid at times of need.

Virtual power plant

VPP - A digitally-connected set of distributed energy resources that can be aggregated to provide services (e.g. trading, generation)

X as as Service

XaaS - Generic term used to refer to various items (e.g. software, platforms, heat, mobility etc) that are being offered via ‘as a service’ business models.

YAML Ain’t Markup Language

YAML - YAML (a recursive acronym for “YAML Ain’t Markup Language”) is a human-readable data-serialization language. It is commonly used for configuration files and in applications where data is being stored or transmitted. en.wikipedia.org: YAML

10.14. Term - multiple uses

Aggregator

Energy: a digital intermediary connecting smaller distributed energy generation so it can participate in energy markets as a group. Data: an entity that searches, accesses and collates different datasets - may be offered as a commercial service also providing value-add such as data standardisation.

Code

Variable uses including: writing development code, code of practice, energy industry codes, codes that are unique alphanumerics etc. Care should be taken to specify the kind of code implied when this term is used in documentation.

Ontology

In Open Energy, ontology is used to describe the core concepts, categories, subjects, properties and relationships making up the Open Energy data ecosystem.

Policy

Variable uses describing how something is run - e.g. privacy policy - public policy, regulatory policys. Care should be taken to specify the kind of policy implied when this term is used in documentation.

Stakeholder

In Open Energy, stakeholder is a term used broadly to describe any actor who may interested in, or impacted by, the Open Energy ecosystem. The term ‘member’ is used to describe customers of Open Energy, due to the use of a membership business model.

Value

Variable uses including: unit of measurement, economic, social, environmental. Care should be taken to specify the kind of value implied when this term is used in documentation.

10.15. Unit of measurement

Gigawatt

GW - Unit of power equal to 1 billion watts.

Kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (per unit of fuel)

kgCO2e - A measure of greenhouse gas conversion from energy sources.

Kilowatt

kW - Unit of power equal to 1 thousand watts. www.ofgem.gov.uk: ofgem_-_review_of_gb_energy_system_operation_0.pdf

Kilowatt hour

kWh - A unit of measurement (3,500 Joules) equivalent to using a 1,000 Watt appliance for 1 hour.

Megawatt

MW - Unit of power equal to 1 million watts.